ဂုိဂဲလ္၏ အင္တာနက္၀န္ေဆာင္မႈလုပ္ငန္း တရုတ္ႏုိင္ငံမွာ ရပ္ဆုိင္းပစ္ဖုိ႔ စဥ္စားေနၿပီ

တရုတ္အင္တာနက္သုံးစြဲသူမ်ား ဂုိဂဲလ္ ကုမၸဏီ ဌာနခ်ဳပ္ ကုိ လာေရာက္ၿပီး ၀မ္းနည္းေၾကာင္း ဂါရ၀ၿပဳ
ပုံ-နယူးေယာက္တုိင္းမ္စ္

-ၿမတ္စုိး-
၀၁.၁၃.၂၀၁၀

တရုတ္ႏုိင္ငံမွာ အင္တာနက္ သုံးစြဲမႈကုိ နည္းမ်ိဳးစုံ တုိက္ခုိက္ခံေနရမႈ၊ ဆင္ဆာပိတ္ဆုိ႔ထားခံေနရမႈ ႏွင့္ ကုိယ္ေရးကုိယ္တာ အခ်က္အလက္မ်ားကုိ ခုိးယူၾကည့္ရွဳ႕ ခံေနရမႈမ်ား အၾကိမ္ၾကိမ္ခံခဲ့ၾကရၿပီးေနာက္ ဂုိဂဲလ္ ကုမၸဏီ က သူတုိ႔ရဲ႕ အင္တာနက္ ၀န္ေဆာင္မႈလုပ္ငန္းကုိရပ္ဆုိင္းပစ္ဖုိ႔ စဥ္စားေနၿပီလုိ႔ ယေန႔ထုတ္ၿပန္ ေၾကညာလုိက္ပါသည္။ သတင္းစာရွင္းလင္းပြဲတစ္ခုမွာ ဂုိဂဲလ္ကုမၸဏီ ေၿပာခြင့္ဆုိခြင့္ရွိသူ တစ္ဦးက ကုမၸဏီရဲ႕ စုံစမ္းစစ္ေဆးေတြ႔ရွိခ်က္မ်ားအရ ကုမၸဏီၾကီးေပါင္း ၃၄ ခု ဟာ တုိက္ခုိက္ခံ ခဲ့ရၿပီး၊ ကုမၸဏီ၏ အေရးၾကီးအခ်က္အလက္မ်ား ခုိးယူဖုိ႔အၾကိမ္ၾကိမ္ က်ိဳးစားခဲ့ၾကေၾကာင္း အတည္ၿပဳ ထုတ္ေဖာ္ေၿပာဆုိခဲ့သည္။ တရုတ္ လူ႔အခြင့္ေရးလႈပ္ရွားသူမ်ား၊ တီဗက္ အတုိက္အခံႏုိင္ငံေရးသမားမ်ား၏ ဂုိဂဲလ္အေကာင့္မ်ားကုိလည္း ဦးစားေပး ပစ္မွတ္ထားကာ အၾကိမ္ၾကိမ္ တုိက္ခုိက္ခဲ့ၿပီး၊ သတင္း အခ်က္အလက္မ်ားကုိ ခုိးယူခဲ့ေၾကာင္း အေထာက္အထားမ်ားေတြ႔ရွိခဲ့ရတယ္လုိ႔ ေၿပာဆုိသြားခဲ့သည္။

ဂုိဂဲလ္ မွ အင္တာနက္၀န္ေဆာင္မႈလုပ္ငန္းကုိ ရပ္ဆုိင္ဖုိ႔ေၾကညာလုိက္ၿခင္းေၾကာင့္ တရုတ္ႏုိင္ငံမွာ သန္းႏွင့္ခ်ီေသာ အင္တာနက္သုံးစြဲေနသူမ်ား တုန္လႈပ္စုိးရိမ္ခဲ့ၾကေၾကာင္း သတင္းမ်ားတြင္ ထုတ္ေဖာ္ေရးသား ေဖာ္ၿပထားၾကပါသည္။ တရုတ္ႏုိင္ငံမွာ အင္တာနက္ သုံးစြဲေနသူ သန္း ၃၀၀ ေက်ာ္ရွိၿပီး၊ တပတ္လွ်င္ နာရီေပါင္း ၂ ဘီလီယံ ေက်ာ္ သုံးစြဲလွ်က္ ရွိေၾကာင္းသိရွိရပါသည္။ တရုတ္အစုိးရတာ၀န္ရွိသူမ်ားႏွင့္ အစုိးရ၀န္ထမ္းမ်ားလည္း ဂုိဂဲလ္အီေမး အေကာင့္မ်ားကုိ သုံးစြဲေနၾကပါသည္။ ဂုိဂဲလ္ ကုမၸဏီ သည္ တရုတ္ႏုိင္ငံတြင္ ၂၀၀၀ ခုႏွစ္မွာ စတင္ခဲ့ၿပီး၊ ၂၀၀၆ ခုႏွစ္မွာ တရုတ္ဘာသာၿဖင့္ ၀န္ေဆာင္မႈလုပ္ငန္းမ်ား ကုိ အလုပ္သမားေပါင္း ၇၀၀ ေက်ာ္ၿဖင့္ လုပ္ကုိင္လွ်က္ရွိပါသည္။ ဂုိဂဲလ္ ကုမၸဏီ သည္ တရုတ္ႏုိင္ငံတြင္ တႏွစ္ သန္း ၃၀၀ ၀င္ေငြရွိေၾကာင္းလည္း သတင္းမ်ားတြင္ ေဖာ္ၿပထားပါသည္။ အလုပ္သမားအမ်ားစုဟာ လစာေကာင္းၾကသည့္ ကြန္ၿပဴတာ အင္ဂ်င္နီယာမ်ား၊ System အင္ဂ်င္နီယာမ်ား ႏွင့္ Network အင္ဂ်င္နီယာမ်ား ၿဖစ္ၾကၿပီး၊ အလုပ္အကုိင္မ်ားလည္း ဆုံးရွဳံးမွာ ကုိ စုိးရိမ္ေနၾကေၾကာင္းသိရွိရပါသည္။

တရုတ္အစုိးရက စံနစ္တက် ၾကီးၾကပ္ကြပ္ကဲၿပီး အင္တာနက္သုံးစြဲသူမ်ား ႏွင့္ ကုမၸဏီမ်ား ကုိ နည္းမ်ဳိးစုံအၾကိမ္ၾကိမ္ တုိက္ခုိက္ေနမႈ၊ ဆင္ဆာမ်ားပိတ္ဆုိ႔ထားၿခင္းေၾကာင့္ လြတ္လပ္စြာ ေရးသားခြင့္၊ လြတ္လပ္စြာထုတ္ေဖာ္ေၿပာဆုိခြင့္ မ်ားပိတ္ဆုိ႔ခံေနရေၾကာင္း အၿပည္ၿပည္ဆုိင္ရာ လူ႔အခြင့္အေရး ေစာင့္ၾကည့္သူမ်ားအဖြဲ႔ ႏွင့္ ႏုိင္ငံတကာ အစုိးရမ်ား က ၿပစ္တင္ေ၀ဖန္ ခဲ့ၾကသည္။ တရုတ္အစုိးရသည္ တရုတ္အင္တာနက္သုံးစြဲသူမ်ားအား Facebook ႏွင့္ Twitter တုိ႔ုသုံးစြဲမႈကုိလည္း တားၿမစ္ထားၿပီး၊ Youtube သုံးစြဲမႈကုိလည္း ပိတ္ပင္ဟန္႔တားထားေၾကာင္း သိရွိရပါသည္။

ဂုိဂဲလ္ ကုမၸဏီ က အင္တာနက္၀န္ေဆာင္မႈ လုပ္ငန္းကုိရပ္ဆုိင္း ပစ္ဖုိ႔စဥ္စား ေနၿပီလုိ႔ ထုတ္ၿပန္ေၾကညာ လုိက္ၿပီးေနာက္ မၾကာမီမွာပဲ တရုတ္အင္တာနက္ သုံးစြဲသူမ်ားဟာ ဂုိဂဲလ္ ကုမၸဏီ ဌာနခ်ဳပ္ကုိ လာေရာက္ၾကၿပီး ဂုိဂဲလ္ ကုမၸဏီရဲ႕ ဆုံးၿဖတ္ခ်က္ကုိ ေထာက္ခံေၾကာင္း ႏွင့္ တရုတ္အစုိးရရဲ႕ လုပ္ရပ္ေတြအတြက္ ၀မ္းနည္းေၾကာင္း ၿပသခဲ့ၾကတယ္လုိ႔ ႏုိင္ငံတကာ ရုပ္ၿမင္သံၾကားမ်ား ႏွင့္ သတင္းစာ မ်ား၌ပါ ေဖာ္ၿပထားၾကသည္။ တရုတ္အစုိးရ တာ၀န္ရွိသူေတြကေတာ့ ဂုိဂဲလ္ ကုမၸဏီရဲ႕ ဆုံးၿဖတ္ခ်က္ကုိ အေသးစိတ္သိရွိဖုိ႔ ေလ့လာသြားမယ္လုိ႔ေၿပာဆုိခဲ့ၿပီး၊ အေမရိကန္ ႏုိင္ငံၿခားေရး၀န္ၾကီး ဟီလာရီကလင္တန္ က တရုတ္အစုိးရရဲ႕ ေၿဖရွင္းခ်က္ကုိ ရွင္းရွင္းလင္းလင္းသိရွိႏုိင္ဖုိ႔ ေတာင္းဆုိထားေၾကာင္းသိရွိရပါသည္။

တရုတ္အင္တာနက္သုံးစြဲသူမ်ားက ဂုိဂဲလ္ ကုမၸဏီ တရုတ္ႏုိင္ငံက ထြက္သြားၿခင္းဟာ တရုတ္ႏုိင္ငံ အေနၿဖင့္ ကမၻာၾကီးအၿပင္ကုိထြက္ခြာသြားတာနဲ႔တူတယ္လုိ႔ ၀မ္းနည္းစြာေ၀ဖန္ေၿပာဆုိေနေၾကာင္း သတင္းမ်ားတြင္ ေဖာ္ၿပထားပါသည္။

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Burmese junta already manipulating upcoming poll

EDITORIAL
By The Nation
Published on January 7, 2010

With no clear timeline for the planned election, the regime is working to preserve the status quo

Burma's strongman, General Than Shwe, was more than happy to confirm that there will be an election in his country this year. The problem is, and will remain for the foreseeable future, the lack of a clear timeline for when the election will be held. Furthermore, none of the necessary laws and measures to make the upcoming poll transparent, free and fair have not been enacted.

The US State Department has made these points clearly, saying: "We have not seen any meaningful steps by the regime to indicate it is putting in place measures that would lead to credible elections. Much of the opposition's leadership remains in prison, there is no space for political dissent or debate, and no freedom of the press. We continue to urge the Burmese government to address these issues and to engage [the main opposition leader] Aung San Suu Kyi and the democratic opposition, ethnic leaders and other stakeholders in a comprehensive dialogue on democratic reform. This would be a first step towards inclusive elections."

Despite such a strong international appeal, the military regime is still stubborn. Obviously, the junta wants to ensure victory in the election because it would be disastrous if it loses again. In May 1990, the junta cheated in the polls and won by a supposed landslide against the opposition National League for Democracy, led by Suu Kyi. So, the regime will not make the same mistakes again.

The reason for keeping a tight rein over the election date is purely tactical. The announcement will be made when the junta's handpicked cronies are ready to enter the race. The suspicion is that the election could be held late in the second half of the year, toward the third quarter. The contracts that international humanitarian and relief organisations have with the regime will end in June this year. Renewal of these contracts is not expected. It would take a few weeks for all of their representatives to leave the country. And this is what the junta wants. To hold an election under the watchful eyes of foreign representatives would be a catastrophe.

The regime wants to transform the international relief efforts into votes for it or its surrogates, especially in the area of the Irrawaddy Delta, which was hard-hit by Cyclone Nargis in May 2008. This will not be easy, as these Burmese villagers are now more independent in helping themselves, with some direct assistance from abroad. The role of the burgeoning village-based civil groups, although they are still nascent, could be influential in determining the future of the Burmese junta. The regime is monitoring the activities of local community leaders to prevent any upheaval in the future.

The regime also wants to use the timing to disarm the opposition, including minority groups that have adopted plans to contest the poll. The National League for Democracy, for example, has complained that its representatives are not allowed to hold meetings. Suu Kyi informed top US diplomats of her political plight when they visited her in early November last year.

The regime must come clean on the election. The US and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, of which Burma is a member, have called for an inclusive election that will allow all stakeholders to partake in the political process. So far, the regime has been evasive in its response. It's the same old story of tactical delays.

Of course, after the election there could be dire consequences. After all, everybody can read the tea-leaves. The generals will likely behave as despicably as they always have, closing all loopholes that might jeopardise them in any way. The outcome could affect the Burmese people as never before. If there is obvious rigging of results, the people might not accept the outcome, and that could lead to the same kind of chaos as in 1988 and 1990. The people have been pushed too far already.


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(၆၂)ႏွစ္ေျမာက္လြတ္လပ္ေရးေန့

-သာထက္-
(DFB-JP/WFWW)

ယေန႔ က်ေရာက္သည့္ (၆၂)ႏွစ္ေျမာက္ လြတ္လပ္ေရးေန႔တြင္ JAC မွ ဦးေဆာင္ျပီး ဂ်ပန္ေရာက္ ဒီမုီကေရစီအင္အားစုမ်ားႏွင့္ ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံသားမ်ားကစုေပါင္းျပီး လြပ္လပ္ေရးေန႔ အထိမ္းအမွတ္အခမ္းအနားကုိ TOKYO SHINAGAWA ရွိ နအဖ စစ္အခြန္ရုံးေရွ့၌ က်င္းပခဲ့ၾကသည္။ ယင္းအခမ္းအနားကုိ ႏုိင္ငံေရးအဖဲြ႔စည္းအသီးသီးမွ အင္းအား ၁၅၀ ခန္႔ တတ္ေရာက္ခဲ့ၾကသည္။ အခမ္းအနားကုိ ညေန ၃း၃၀ မွ ၅ နာရီအထိ က်င္းပခဲ့ေၾကာင္းသိရွိရပါသည္။

တက္ေရာက္လာသူမ်ားက ၿမန္မာႏုိင္ငံလြတ္လပ္ေရးေန႔၌ ၿမန္မာၿပည္သူမ်ား လြတ္လပ္မႈမရွိပဲ ကုိယ့္တုိင္းၿပည္ထဲမွာပင္ ေထာင္သြင္းအက်ဥ္းခ်ခံေနရေၾကာင္း၊ ႏုိင္ငံေရးအက်ဥ္သားမ်ားကုိ ေထာင္သြင္းအက်ဥ္းခ်ထားၿပီး၊ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲ က်င္းပမည့္အစီအစဥ္ကုိ ၿပင္းၿပင္းထန္ထန္ရွဳံ႕ခ်ေၾကာင္း ႏွင့္ ႏုိင္ငံေရးအက်ဥ္းသားမ်ားကုိ ၿခြင္းခ်က္မရွိ လြတ္ေပးရန္ ေတာင္းဆုိခဲ့ၾကသည္။

၆၂ ႏွစ္ေၿမာက္ ၿမန္မာ့လြတ္လပ္ေရးေန႔၌ ဒီမုိကေရစီႏွင့္ လူအခြင့္အေရးေတြကုိ ခ်ိဳးေဖာက္ၿပီး၊ လူသားမ်ားအေပၚ ၿပစ္မႈက်ဴးလြန္ေနၾကေသာ နအဖ စစ္ေခါင္းေဆာင္မ်ားကုိ ၿပင္းၿပင္းထန္ထန္ရွဳ႔႕ခ်ခဲ့ၾကၿပီး၊ အာဏာရွင္ ဆန္႔က်င္ေရး ေၾကြးေၾကာ္သံမ်ားၿဖင့္ အခမ္းအနားကုိ ရပ္စဲခဲ့သည္။


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PM Gordon Brown Hoping To Help Burmese People Regain Their Future

-လန္ဒန္ (WFWW)-
Source: Office of the UK Prime Minister

ၿဗိတိန္၀န္ၾကီးခ်ဴပ္ေဂၚဒြန္ဘေရာင္း က ၿမန္မာႏုိင္ငံမွာ တုိးတက္ေၿပာင္းလဲမႈေတြ ၿဖစ္လာဖုိ႔ အတြက္ အစြမ္းကုန္ က်ိဳးပမ္း လုပ္ေဆာင္သြားမယ္လုိ႔ ဂတိၿပဳပါေၾကာင္း ၿမန္မာႏုိင္ငံ လူထုေခါင္းေဆာင္ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ထံသုိ႔ေပးပုိ႔ေသာ ႏွစ္သစ္ကူး သ၀ဏ္လႊာ မွာ ေရးသားေဖာ္ၿပထားပါသည္။

ယင္းႏွစ္သစ္ကူးသ၀ဏ္လႊာ၌ ၿမန္မာႏုိင္ငံ ဒီမုိကေရစီရရွိေရး၊ ၿမန္မာၿပည္သူလူထု အက်ိဳးႏွင့္ ေမွ်ာ္လင့္ခ်က္မ်ား ကုိေ႔ရွရွဳ႕ ၿပီး နအဖ စစ္အုပ္စု ေခါင္းေဆာင္မ်ားႏွင့္ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ တုိ႔ အၾကား အၿပဳသေဘာေဆာင္ၿပီး၊ တုိးတက္မႈရလာဒ္မ်ား ထြက္ေပၚ လာေအာင္ ေတြ႔ဆုံေဆြးေႏြးမႈမ်ား ၿပဳလုပ္ရန္္ နအဖစစ္အုပ္စုေခါင္းေဆာင္မ်ား ကုိ တုိက္တြန္းထားၿပီး၊ ၂၀၁၀ မွာ နအဖ စစ္အုပ္စုက က်င္းပေပးမဲ့ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲမွာ ႏုိင္ငံေရးအဖြဲ႔အစည္းမ်ားအားလုံး ပါ၀င္ႏုိင္သည့္ အေၿခအေန ရွိမွသာ တရားမွ်တ သည့္ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲၿဖစ္မွာ ၿဖစ္ေၾကာင္း ထည့္သြင္းေရးသား ေဖာ္ၿပထားသည္။ ႏုိင္ငံေရးအက်ဥ္းသားမ်ားလြတ္ေပးမႈ၊ လြတ္လပ္ၿပီးတရားမွ်တသည့္ေရြးေကာက္မႈရွိမွသာ ၿမန္မာႏုိင္ငံဟာ ႏုိင္ငံတကာအသုိင္းအ၀ုိင္းသုိ႔ ၿပန္လည္လည္ေရာက္ရွိလာေစမွာၿဖစ္ေၾကာင္းႏွင့္ ႏုိင္ငံတကာအစုိးရမ်ား၏ ေထာက္ခံမႈကုိရရွိလာေစမွာၿဖစ္ေၾကာင္း ေဖာ္ၿပထားသည္။

ယင္းသ၀ဏ္လႊာကုိ နအဖစစ္အုပ္စု၏ တာ၀န္ရွိသူမ်ားထံ ရန္ကုန္ၿမိဳ႕ ၿဗိတိန္သံရုံးမွတဆင့္ ေပးပုိ႔ခဲ့ေၾကာင္း သိရွိရပါသည္။ အၿပည့္အစုံကုိ အဂၤလိပ္လုိၿဖင့္ ေအာက္မွာဖတ္ရွဳ႕ ႏုိင္ပါသည္။

(Source: ၿဗိတိန္၀န္ၾကီးခ်ဳပ္ရုံးခန္း)

Dear Daw Suu

You have dedicated the whole of your life to the cause of democracy and freedom in Burma. You have selflessly highlighted the wider suffering of the Burmese people rather than dwelling on your own pain. And through that courage you have gained the respect of the entire international community not just for a person, but for a cause.

The world knows that as Burma approaches an historic year you will be as resolute as ever in approaching its challenges. If the scheduled elections proceed under a rigged constitution, with opposition leaders excluded and with no international oversight, the military rulers will be condemning Burma to more years of diplomatic isolation and economic stagnation.

But if the elections are genuinely inclusive, free and fair, then the whole of the international community is ready to stand with Burma, welcome her back into the community of nations, and contribute to rebuilding her future and prosperity. It is clear this is the only path which will lead to Burma’s future security, stability and progress for all her people.

Sadly, as the year turns, the signs do not look good. Your continuing detention is only the most visible evidence of the bad faith of a regime which has so far shown no signs of listening to regional or international calls for an end to its violent behaviour.

I continue to call upon the regime to engage with you and allow you further contact with diplomats in Rangoon, and to start a genuine dialogue that can give the Burmese people back their future and their hope.

You have asked us to use our freedom to secure the freedom of the Burmese people. I assure you that as we move into a new year and a new decade the United Kingdom will continue to do everything possible to advance positive change and genuine democracy in your country.

As you have said, there is so much that needs to be done in a Burma that cannot afford to wait.

We are immovably with you – and with the Burmese people.

Yours sincerely

Gordon Brown




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Chinese border town emerges as new front line in fight against human trafficking

Zaw Aung, 29, said he regularly crosses from Burma into China in search of work. Burmese women also are brought over for marriages with Chinese men -- some forced, some arranged through "matchmakers." (Keith B. Richburg/the Washington Post)

By Keith B. Richburg
Washington Post Staff Writer
Saturday, December 26, 2009

This booming little border town in China's southwestern Yunnan province, where the economic prosperity of China is separated from the destitution of Burma by nothing more than a flimsy, rusted metal fence, has emerged as the new front line in the worldwide fight against human trafficking.

On any given afternoon, a steady stream of people scale the six-foot-high fence, unperturbed by the Chinese border guards posted just a hundred yards away. Amid the Burmese men looking for day labor, or women coming to sell their vegetables in the wealthier Chinese markets, is traffic far less benign:

Burmese women being brought over for marriages with Chinese men -- some forced, some voluntarily arranged through "matchmakers." Babies being brought into China to be sold. And Chinese women from poorer inland areas being moved in the opposite direction, often ending up in Southeast Asia's sex industry.

In the shadowy world of human trafficking, say government officials and advisers with foreign aid agencies, China has become a source country, a destination country and a transit country all at once.

"Some of the Yunnan women and girls think they'll get a better job in Thailand," said Kathleen Speake, chief technical adviser for the United Nations' International Labor Office in Beijing. Burmese "are coming into China. We're looking at being trafficked for adoption, and women being trafficked for marriage."

No firm numbers are available on the extent of trafficking. Kirsten di Martino, a project officer in Beijing for UNICEF, said that from 2000 to 2007, China's public security bureau investigated 44,000 cases of trafficking, rescuing about 130,000 women and children. But, she added, "this is just the tip of the iceberg."

China, she said, "is very big, and has a lot of border -- and has a whole lot of problems."

Here in Ruili, two criminal gangs were cracked and 14 women rescued in the first half of the year, said Meng Yilian, who works for the newly formed group China-Myanmar Cooperation Against Human Trafficking. Burma is also known as Myanmar.
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A legally suspect vocation

"In the villages bordering Myanmar, there are some people working as matchmakers, " she said. "And some of them are human traffickers. It's hard to tell who are the matchmakers and who are the traffickers."

Matchmaking, which falls into a legally murky terrain, is rooted in Chinese tradition, which allows a man to make a gift to a woman's family in exchange for marriage.

In this border area, matchmakers are not hard to find. From Ruili, a gravel road leads west, running parallel to the Burmese border and past ethnic Dai villagers working in paddy fields. In Mang Sai village, the matchmaker is a heavy-set 28-year-old woman who said she has been in the business seven or eight years and had "successfully made 20 matches," including two involving Chinese buyers and Burmese girls.

The matchmaker -- she requested that her name be withheld because her profession is legally suspect -- said a local Chinese girl will cost as much as 50,000 renminbi, about $7,300. But a girl from Burma, she said, costs just 20,000 renminbi, or just under $3,000.


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Obama has powerful tool to pressure Myanmar

By FOSTER KLUG (AP) – 1 day ago

WASHINGTON — If talks with Myanmar over democratic reforms fail, the Obama administration could tie up large amounts of money that the country's ruling generals stash in international banks from the sale of natural gas.

So far the administration has been hesitant to go that route.

But pressuring banks to avoid doing business with Myanmar's leaders could be a powerful economic weapon — one that already is being used elsewhere. It's an approach, for example, that has been used to try to push North Korea to give up its nuclear weapons ambitions.

Congress already has provided the power for the administration to go after the banks and some rights groups want President Barack Obama to use it right away, or at least if direct talks fail.

U.S. officials have just started face-to-face negotiations and want to give them more time to show results. Imposing the banking sanctions would be expensive and time-consuming, and Myanmar isn't a top priority on a crowded foreign policy agenda that includes Afghanistan and Iran.

Still, the administration has warned of tougher action if engagement breaks down with Myanmar, also known as Burma. And the mere threat could add force to the U.S. negotiating position.

"We will reserve the option of tightening sanctions on the regime and its supporters to respond to events in Burma," Obama's top diplomat for East Asia, Kurt Campbell, told lawmakers in September.

Myanmar has one of the most repressive governments in the world and has been controlled by the military since 1962. For years, the United States has used punishing sanctions to try to force change on the country, with little success. Former President George W. Bush's administration favored shunning Myanmar, and Bush's wife, Laura, and many in Congress were strong advocates of the nascent democracy movement there.

Now, the Obama administration has reversed the isolation policy in favor of engagement, which it hopes will persuade the generals to grant greater freedoms to opposition parties and minorities and to free political prisoners.

Myanmar has since made a few symbolic gestures of good will, letting detained democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi meet with Campbell, for instance, and releasing some political prisoners. At the same time, it has continued to persecute ethnic minorities, journalists and student activists.

Obama himself spoke of a possibly stronger position on Myanmar in his Nobel Peace Prize acceptance speech. There will be engagement and diplomacy with Myanmar, he said, "but there must be consequences when those things fail."

Activists say financial measures that hinder Myanmar's ruling generals' ability to access the international banking system might do what broader economic sanctions have failed to do.

"What the Burmese government values is not its commerce with the outside world but the financial proceeds of that commerce," said Tom Malinowski of Human Rights Watch. "Once the Burmese government deposits the checks in its bank accounts, there's a lot the United States government can do to prevent that money from being used in the international banking system."

Treasury officials have targeted 40 people and 44 entities since the Myanmar junta killed and arrested protesters during demonstrations in 2007. Being added to the sanctions list prevents people from making transactions in the banking system of the United States.

But a 2008 law grants the Treasury Department authority to impose conditions on banking relationships, meaning sanctions could affect activities of international banks.

Myanmar has lucrative natural gas deals with its neighbors and with some European and U.S. companies, with revenues going into foreign banks. Under its new authority, the U.S. can let these banks know it has concerns about their association with Myanmar that could hurt these banks' ability to work with U.S. financial institutions, said Jennifer Quigley, advocacy director for the U.S. Campaign for Burma.

Supporters of the banking sanctions often raise North Korea, saying that the United States effectively froze the North out of the international banking system in 2005, hurting leader Kim Jong Il.

For the moment, the Obama administration is urging patience as it pursues talks.

Next year's elections in Myanmar will provide a good look at the junta's intentions. A big question will be whether high-level U.S.-Myanmar talks lead to true participation by minorities and opposition groups or merely let the generals consolidate power.


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အီရန္ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲမွာ မဲခုိး အႏုိင္ရယူခဲ့တဲ့ အာဏာရွင္ အစုိးရ ကုိ တႏုိင္ငံလုံးဆန္႔က်င္ ဆႏၵၿပေနၾက

အီရန္မွာ ဘာသာေရးေခါင္ေဆာင္ၾကီး စ်ာပန မွ အစုိးရကုိ ဆန္႔က်င္သည့္ ဆႏၵၿပပြဲသုိ႔ အသြင္ကူးေၿပာင္း
We Support Iran's Democracy Movement for Freedom and Justice. We Express Our Solidarity With Iranian Opposition Protesters. You Are All Brave Men and Women Of Iran. Brave Iranians Continue Your Justified Fight Against Dictators.
(WFWW)
-WFWW(ဒူဘုိင္း)-

၁၂.၂၁.၂၀၀၉

အီရန္မွာ အတုိက္အခံေခါင္းေဆာင္မ်ားကုိ ေထာက္ခံခဲ့တဲ့ အထင္ကရ အီရန္ဘာသာေရး ေခါင္းေဆာင္ၾကီး တစ္ဦးၿဖစ္သူ အယာတုိလာ ဟုိစိန္ အလီ မြန္တာဇာယီ ရဲ႕ စ်ာပနကုိ လာေရာက္ ဂါရ၀ၿပဳ ပုိ႔ေဆာင္သူမ်ားက အီရန္ သမၼတ မာမြတ္ဒ္ အာမာဒီနီဂ်က္ဒ္ ကုိ ဆန္႔က်င္ဆႏၵၿပခဲ့ၾကေၾကာင္း သိရွိရပါသည္။ သမၼတ အာမာဒီနီဂ်က္ဒ္ ျပန္အေရြးခံရတဲ့ကိစၥ ႏွင့္ မဲလိမ္ခဲ့မႈေတြအေပၚ ကန္႔ကြက္ ဆႏၵျပၾကသူမ်ားကုိ အစိုးရက အၾကမ္းဖက္ႏွိမ္ႏွင္းခဲ့မႈႏွင့္ ပတ္သက္ၿပီး အီရန္ဘာသာေရး ေခါင္းေဆာင္ အယာတုိလာဟုိစိန္ အလီ မြန္တာဇာယီ က ၿပင္းထန္စြာရွဳံ႕ခ် ခဲ့သူၿဖစ္ပါတယ္။ လက္ရွိသမၼတ မာမြတ္အာမာဒီနီ ဂ်က္ဒ္ဟာ တုိင္းျပည္နဲ႔ ျပည္သူလူထုကုိ လိမ္လည္ခဲ့တယ္၊ သူ႔ရဲ႕ လုပ္ရပ္ေတြဟာ အစၥလာမ္ဘာသာေရး၊ ကုိယ္က်င့္တရား၊ တရားမွ်တမႈေတြနဲ႔ ဆန္႔က်င္ၿပီး လုပ္ေဆာင္ ေနတယ္လုိ႔ ရွဳံ႕ခ်ခဲ့ပါတယ္။

အယာတုိလာဟုိစိန္ အလီ မြန္တာဇာယီ ရဲ႕ စ်ာပနကုိ သိန္းနဲ႔ခ်ီတဲ့ အီရန္ၿပည္သူမ်ားက လုိက္ပါ ပုိ႔ေဆာင္ခဲ့ၾကေၾကာင္း၊ စ်ာပန ကုိ လုိက္ပါပုိ႔ေဆာင္ သူမ်ားက “ အာဏာရွင္ က်ဆုံးပါေစ၊ အာမာဒီနီဂ်က္ဒ္ အာဏာရွင္အစုိးရ ေမာင္းထုတ္ၾက၊ ဘာသာေရးေခါင္းေဆာင္ၾကီး ခါေမနီ လူသတ္သမား” လုိ႔ ေၾကြးေၾကာ္ဆႏၵၿပ ခဲ့ၾကေၾကာင္းသိရပါသည္။ ဆႏၵၿပပြဲဟာ အၿခားၿမိဳ႕ ေတြမွာလည္း ၿဖစ္ပြားခဲ့ေၾကာင္းလည္း သိရပါသည္။ အတုိက္အခံပါတီေခါင္းေဆာင္ မူဆာဘီက အီရန္ၿပည္သူမ်ား အေနၿဖင့္ အမွန္တရားဘက္က ရပ္တည္ခဲ့ၿပီး၊ အာဏာရွင္စံနစ္ ကုိ ဆန္႔က်င္ခဲ့တဲ့ အီရန္ဘာသာေရးေခါင္းေဆာင္ အယာတုိလာဟုိစိန္ အလီ မြန္တာဇာယီ ရဲ႕ စ်ာပနကုိ ေနာက္ဆုံး လာေရာက္ ဂါရ၀ၿပဳၾကဖုိ႔ တုိက္တြန္းႏွဳိးေဆာ္ထားခဲ့သည္။ အာဏာရွင္ ဆန္႔က်င္ေရး လႈပ္ရွားမႈ တြင္ ဆႏၵၿပ သူမ်ားက အစိမ္းေရာင္ အမွတ္အသားမ်ား ၀တ္ဆင္ၿပီး ဆႏၵၿပ ခဲ့ေၾကာင္းသိရွိရပါသည္။

အရည္အခ်င္း အဓိက ေရြးခ်ယ္ပါ NLD

-ၿမတ္စုိး-
၁၂.၁၉.၂၀၀၉
မဇၥိ်မ

ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံမွာ အင္အားအေကာင္းဆံုး ပါတီ ၿဖစ္တဲ့ အမ်ဳိးသား ဒီမိုကေရစီ အဖြဲ႔ခ်ဳပ္ (NLD) မွာ လက္ရွိ အႏွစ္ ၂၀ ေက်ာ္ၾကာ တာဝန္ထမ္းေဆာင္ခဲ့ၾကတဲ့ ပါတီထိပ္တန္း ေခါင္းေဆာင္မ်ားက ေခါင္းေဆာင္မႈ အေၿပာင္းအလဲ ၿပဳလုပ္ဖုိ႔ ဆုံးၿဖတ္ခ်က္ခ်ခဲ့တာဟာ မွန္ကန္တဲ့သင့္ေလွ်ာ္တဲ့ လုပ္ရပ္ၿဖစ္ပါတယ္။

ပါတီ ေသြးသစ္ေလာင္းမႈ လုိ႔ေခၚေခၚ၊ မ်ိဳးဆက္သစ္ လူငယ္မ်ားကုိ စိတ္ခ် ယုံၾကည္မႈရွိရွိ လက္ဆင့္ကမ္း ပုခုံးေၿပာင္း တာဝန္ေပးမႈ လုိ႔ပဲေခၚေခၚ ဒီဆုံးၿဖတ္ခ်က္က အေရးပါပါတယ္။

ဒီေနရာမွာ အသက္အရြယ္ႀကီးရင့္ လာၾကၿပီၿဖစ္တဲ့ ပါတီထိပ္တန္း ေခါင္းေဆာင္မ်ားဟာ ပါတီကုိ အႏွစ္ ၂၀ ေက်ာ္ ဘက္ေပါင္းစုံက ဝိုင္းဝန္း တုိက္ခိုက္ေနသည့္ၾကားမွ မွန္ကန္တဲ့ လမ္းေၾကာင္းေပၚမွာရွိေအာင္ ထိန္းသိမ္း ေပးထားႏုိင္ခဲ့သလုိ၊ အနာဂတ္ ေခါင္းေဆာင္မႈသစ္ ေအာက္မွာလည္း ပါတီကုိ ဆက္လက္ရွင္သန္ ေအာင္ တာဝန္ ထမ္းေဆာင္ေရးဟာလည္း ႀကီးမားတဲ့ စိန္ေခၚမႈႀကီးတခု ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။

လူႀကီးပုိင္းမ်ားက တာဝန္ေက်ခဲ့သလုိ NLD မ်ိဳးဆက္သစ္ ေခါင္းေဆာင္မ်ား တာဝန္ေက်ရေတာ့မည့္ အခ်ိန္အခါ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။

ဒီေတာ့ တာဝန္နဲ႔ ထိုက္တန္ေအာင္ အသင့္အေနအထား ျပင္ဆင္မႈမ်ားကုိ ျပဳလုပ္ ၾကရေတာ့မွာပါ။ အရည္အခ်င္းရွိတဲ့ လူငယ္မ်ား အေနျဖင့္ ေနာက္ကြယ္ မွာေနမည့္အစား၊ ယွဥ္ၿပိဳင္ အေရြးခ်ယ္ခံလုိသူမ်ားဟာ မိမိတုိ႔ ကုိယ္တုိင္ ရဲရဲဝံ့ဝံ့ေ႔ရွထြက္ကာ လက္ရွိပါတီ ထိပ္တန္း ေခါင္းေဆာင္မ်ားထံသုိ႔ အမည္စာရင္း တင္သြင္း သင့္ပါတယ္။ မူဝါဒမ်ားခ်ျပၿပီး ပါတီအတြင္း မဲဆြယ္ စည္း႐ုံးသင့္တယ္။

သုိ႔ေပေသာ္ျငားလည္း ေလာေလာဆယ္ ပါတီ ေခါင္းေဆာင္သစ္မ်ားကုိ ေရြးခ်ယ္မႈ အပုိင္းမွာ အခက္အခဲမ်ားစြာ ရွိေနေပမယ္ဆိုတာကို သိပါတယ္။

NLD ျပန္ၾကားေရး တာဝန္ခံ ဦးခင္ေမာင္ေဆြက လက္ရွိ CEC အဖြဲ႕အား ျပန္လည္ဖြဲ႔စည္းမည္ ဆုိရင္ ေအာက္ေျခမွ ပါတီဝင္ေတြကေန ေရြးေကာက္တင္ေျမႇာက္ျခင္းႏွင့္ ဗဟုိအဆင့္ကေနျပီး ေရြးခ်ယ္ ယာယီ တာဝန္ေပးျခင္းဟု ႏွစ္မ်ဳိးရွိေၾကာင္း၊ ယခု လက္ရွိအေျခ အေနတြင္ ေအာက္ေျခမွ ေရြးခ်ယ္တင္ေျမႇာက္ျခင္းသည္ မျဖစ္ႏုိင္ေၾကာင္း ေျပာၾကားထားသည္။

သူေျပာတာကို ျငင္းဖို႔ရာ ခက္ပါတယ္။ တဖက္က အတိုက္အခံ အင္အားကို မ်က္ေျခမျပတ္ ေစာင့္ၾကည့္ ေလ့လာျပီး နည္းမ်ဳးိစံုသံုး ၿဖိဳခြဲခဲ့တဲ့ ေအာက္မွာ ေနခဲ့ရတဲ့ ခါးသီးတဲ့ အေတြ႔အႀကံဳက ရွိေနပါတယ္။

အခက္အခဲမ်ားအရ မည္သုိ႔ပင္ ေရြးခ်ယ္ေစမႈ အရည္အခ်င္းရွိေသာ ေခါင္းေဆာင္သစ္မ်ား ေပၚေပါက္လာေရးသည္ ပဓာန က်ပါတယ္။ ျမန္မာ့ ႏုိင္ငံေရး ထုံးတမ္းစဥ္လာအရ ေခါင္းေဆာင္ ေရြးခ်ယ္မႈပုိင္းကုိ စီးပြားေရး ရႉ႕ေထာင့္ၿဖင့္ ၾကည့္လွ်င္ Inputs ကုိသာ ဦးစားေပး ၾကည့္ေလ့ ရွိၾကသည္။

ဆုိလုိသည္မွာ ဘယ္သူ႔သားသမီး (သုိ႔) ေဆြမ်ိဳး၊ ႏုိင္ငံေရး အက်ဥ္းသားေဟာင္း၊ အရာရွိေဟာင္း စသည္ၿဖင့္ စသျဖင့္ မိန္ရာဟင္းေကာင္း၊ ခင္ရာေဆြမ်ိဳး စကားပုံလုိ ၾကည့္ၿပီးဆုံးၿဖတ္ေလ့ ရွိၾကသည္။ Outputs/ Results လုိ႔ေခၚသည့္ ရလာဒ္ထြက္ေပၚမႈ၊ ေအာင္ၿမင္ခဲ့မႈ၊ လုပ္ေဆာင္ႏုိင္မႈ အရည္အခ်င္းကိုၾကည့္ၿပီး ေရြးခ်ယ္မႈ အားနည္းတတ္သည္။ အရည္အခ်င္း ရွိေသာ မွန္မွန္ကန္ကန္ ေခါင္းေဆာင္မႈမ်ိဳး ေပၚေပါက္ဖုိ႔ ဆုံးၿဖတ္ေရြးခ်ယ္ ေပးသင့္ပါသည္။

NLD ထိပ္တန္းေခါင္းေဆာင္မ်ားအေနၿဖင့္ ဆယ္စုႏွစ္ ၂ ခုအတြင္း ျပည္တြင္းျပည္ပ၌ ႀကံဳေတြ႔ခဲ့မႈမ်ား၊ မွားယြင္းခဲ့မႈမ်ားကုိ သင္ခန္းစာ ယူသင့္ပါသည္။

ပါတီရဲ႕ ေခါင္းေဆာင္မ်ားဟာ ႏုိင္ငံတကာ သံတမန္မ်ား၊ ေခါင္းေဆာင္မ်ားႏွင့္ ထိေတြ႔ ဆက္ဆံၾကရမွာမုိ႔ တက္ၾကြမႈရွိေနယုံၿဖင့္ မလုံေလာက္ပါ။ ႏုိင္ငံေရး၊ စီးပြားေရး၊ သံတမန္ ဆက္ဆံေရး၊ လူထုဆက္ဆံေရးမ်ား ၌ပါ အရည္အခ်င္းမ်ား ရွိၾကရပါလိမ့္မည္။

တနည္းအားၿဖင့္ အျမင္ က်ယ္က်ယ္ျပန္႔ၿပန္႔ ရွိရန္ကို ဆိုလိုျခင္း ျဖစ္သည္။ အမ်ား ျပည္သူ၏ ေလးစား ယံုၾကည္မႈ ရွိဖုိ႔လည္း လုိပါသည္။ အရည္အခ်င္းရွိရွိၿဖင့္ မွန္ကန္စြာေတြးေခၚပါမွ အခ်ိန္အခါ အေျခအေန ႏွင့္ လိုက္ေလ်ာညီစြာ ျပဳျပင္ ေျပာင္းလဲႏုိင္ေပလိမ့္မည္။ မွန္ကန္ေသာ လုပ္ေဆာင္မႈမ်ား၊ ဆုံးၿဖတ္ခ်က္မ်ား ႏွင့္ မူဝါဒမ်ား ကို ခ်မွတ္ႏုိင္ ေပလိမ့္မည္။

NLD ဝင္မ်ား၊ မ်ိဳးဆက္သစ္မ်ား အေနၿဖင့္ ေအာင္ၿမင္ၿခင္း တံခါးကုိ တြန္းဖြင့္ၾကဖုိ႔ မွန္ကန္ေသာ ေခါင္းေဆာင္မႈ ေရြးခ်ယ္ေပးဖုိ႔ လုိေပသည္။ NLD ၏ အနာဂတ္ သည္ NLD အဖြဲ႔ဝင္မ်ား ေရြးခ်ယ္ေပးမည့္ ေခါင္းေဆာင္မႈအသစ္ အေပၚတြင္သာ မႈတည္ေနသည္။


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ခမာနီေခါင္းေဆာင္မ်ား ကုိ သင္ခန္းစာယူပါ

Source: ဘန္ေကာက္ပုိ႔စ္ - "UN-backed court issues K.Rouge genocide charges"

-ၿမတ္စုိး-
၁၂.၁၆.၂၀၀၉

တခ်ိန္က ၿမန္မာအာဏာရွင္မ်ားကုိ အတုယူအားက်ခဲ့ၾကတဲ့ ကေမၻာဒီးယားႏုိင္ငံမွ ခမာနီ ေခါင္းေဆာင္မ်ားကုိ ၎တုိ႔ အာဏာရွိစဥ္ကာလအတြင္း ျဖစ္ပြားခဲ့ေသာ လူအစုလိုက္အၿပံဳလိုက္ သတ္ျဖတ္ခဲ့မႈတြင္ ပါ၀င္ပတ္သက္မႈျဖင့္ ကုလသမဂၢ က ေထာက္ခံမႈေပးထားေသာ ကေမၻာဒီးယားအထူးခံု႐ံုးတခုက တရားစြဲဆို လိုက္ၿပီၿဖစ္ေၾကာင္း ဗုဒၶဟူးေန႔ ထုိင္းႏုိင္ငံထုတ္ ဘန္ေကာက္ပုိ႔စ္ သတင္းစာတြင္ ေရးသားေဖာ္ၿပထားသည္။

ခမာနီေခါင္းေဆာင္ အဆင့္ ႏွစ္ ရာထူးတာ၀န္ထမ္းေဆာင္ခဲ့တဲ့ Nuon Chea ႏွင့္ ႏုိင္ငံၿခားေရး ၀န္ၾကီးအၿဖစ္ တာ၀န္ ထမ္းေဆာင္ခဲ့သူ Leng Sary တုိ႔ႏွစ္ဦးကုိ ၁၉၇၅-၁၉၇၉ ခုႏွစ္ ကာလ ခမာနီ ကြန္ၿမဴနစ္တုိ႔ အာဏာရရွိခဲ့စဥ္ အတြင္း ကေမၻာဒီးယား မွာရွိတ့ဲ ဗီယက္နမ္ လူမ်ဳိးမ်ား ႏွင့္ မြတ္စလင္မ္ ခ်မ္ ေတြကို အစုလိုက္အၿပံဳလိုက္ သတ္ျဖတ္ခဲ့မႈ တြင္ ပါ၀င္ပတ္သက္မႈျဖင့္တရားစြဲဆုိခဲ့ၿခင္းၿဖစ္သည္ဟု သတင္းမ်ားတြင္ေဖာ္ၿပထားသည္။ သူတုိ႔နွစ္ဦးဟာ ခမာနီ ကြန္ၿမဴနစ္တုိ႔ အာဏာရရွိခဲ့စဥ္အတြင္း အလြန္သေဘာထားတင္းမာသူမ်ားၿဖစ္ၿပီး၊ လူသားမဆန္တဲ့ ရက္စက္မႈမ်ားအေပၚ တာ၀န္ရွိခဲ့ၾကတယ္လုိ႔ ေဖာ္ၿပထားပါသည္။

သူတုိ႔ႏွစ္ဦးစလုံးကုိ ယခင္က စစ္ရာဇ၀တ္မႈ ႏွင့္ လူသားမ်ားအေပၚၿပစ္မႈက်ဴးလြန္မႈတုိ႔ၿဖင့္ လည္း တရားစြဲဆုိထားၿပီးၿဖစ္သည္။

ကေမၻာဒီးယား၌ ခမာနီအစိုးရအုပ္ခ်ဳပ္စဥ္ကာလ (၁၉၇၅-၇၉) အတြင္း အစားအစာငတ္မြတ္မႈ၊ ဆင္းရဲမြဲေတမႈ၊ ေရာဂါကူးစက္ ခံရမႈ၊ တရားဥပေဒမဲ့ ေသဒဏ္စီရင္ခဲ့မႈ၊ လူသားမဆန္စြာ ညွင္းပန္းႏွိပ္စက္ခဲ့မႈ၊ လူသားမ်ားအားအစုလိုက္အၿပံဳလိုက္သတ္ျဖတ္ခဲ့မႈ တို႔ေၾကာင့္ လူေပါင္း (၂) သန္းနီးပါး ေသဆံုးခဲ့့ရၿပီး၊ ယင္းအမႈမ်ားတြင္ ပါ၀င္ပက္သက္ ခဲ့ၾကေသာ ခမာနီ အၾကီးအကဲမ်ား ၿဖစ္ၾကသည့္ ပုိေပါ့၊ ခယူဆန္ဖန္၊ နာမည္ဆိုးႏွင့္လူသိမ်ားေသာ Tuol Sleng လွ်ဳိ႕၀ွက္အက်ဥ္းေထာင္ အႀကီးအကဲ ဒက္ခ်္ (Kaing Guek Eav, known by the alias Duch) အပါအ၀င္ ခမာနီေခါင္းေဆာင္မ်ား ကုိ ကုလသမဂၢ က ေထာက္ခံမႈေပးထားေသာ ကေမၻာဒီးယား အထူးခံု႐ံုးတခုက တရားမွ်တမႈ ရွိေအာင္ တရားစြဲဆို အေရးယူမႈမ်ား ၿပဳလုပ္လွ်က္ ရွိပါသည္။

အာဏာရွင္မ်ားအေနၿဖင့္ မိမိတုိ႔ အာဏာရွိစဥ္အတြင္း လူသားမ်ားအေပၚ က်ဴးလြန္ခဲ့ေသာ ၿပစ္မႈမ်ား အေပၚ အကာအကြယ္ ရယူႏုိင္ၾကေပမဲ့၊ ေနာင္တခ်ိန္မွာ တရားမွ်တမႈရွိေအာင္ စီရင္ဆုံးၿဖတ္ၿခင္းကုိ ရင္ဆုိင္ၾကရ ပါလိမ့္မယ္ ဆုိတာ ခမာနီေခါင္းေဆာင္မ်ား၏ ေနာက္ဆုံးေန႔ မ်ားက သက္ေသထူေနပါသည္။




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US could pressure Myanmar with bank sanctions

The Associated Press, Washington | Tue, 12/22/2009 7:46 AM | World

The Obama administration has ready a powerful economic weapon if talks with Myanmar fail to achieve democratic reforms: pressuring banks to avoid doing business with the country's ruling generals.

A similar approach has been used to push North Korea to give up its nuclear weapons. In Myanmar's case, targeting international banks could effectively tie up the large amounts of money the generals get from selling natural gas.

The U.S. Congress has already provided the power to go after the banks; some rights groups want President Barack Obama to use it soon, or at least if direct talks fail.

So far, however, the administration has been hesitant. It has just started face-to-face negotiations and wants to give them more time to show results. Imposing the banking sanctions would be expensive and time-consuming, and Myanmar isn't a top priority on a crowded foreign policy agenda that includes Afghanistan and Iran.

Still, the administration has warned of tougher action if engagement breaks down with Myanmar, also known as Burma. And the mere threat could add force to the U.S. negotiating position.

"We will reserve the option of tightening sanctions on the regime and its supporters to respond to events in Burma," Obama's top diplomat for East Asia, Kurt Campbell, told lawmakers in September.

Myanmar has one of the most repressive governments in the world and has been controlled by the military since 1962. For years, the United States has used punishing sanctions to try to force change on the country, with little success. Former President George W. Bush's administration favored shunning Myanmar, and Bush's wife, Laura, and many in Congress were strong advocates of the nascent democracy movement there.

Now, the Obama administration has reversed the isolation policy in favor of engagement, which it hopes will persuade the generals to grant greater freedoms to opposition parties and minorities and to free political prisoners.

Myanmar has since made a few symbolic gestures of good will, letting detained democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi meet with Campbell, for instance, and releasing some political prisoners. At the same time, it has continued to persecute ethnic minorities, journalists and student activists.

Obama himself spoke of a possibly stronger position on Myanmar in his Nobel Peace Prize acceptance speech. There will be engagement and diplomacy with Myanmar, he said, "but there must be consequences when those things fail."

Activists say those consequences should include the application of a law that allows the United States to use financial measures to hinder Myanmar's ability to access the international banking system.

"What the Burmese government values is not its commerce with the outside world but the financial proceeds of that commerce," Tom Malinowski of Human Rights Watch said. "Once the Burmese government deposits the checks in its bank accounts, there's a lot the United States government can do to prevent that money from being used in the international banking system."

The United States already imposes many sanctions on Myanmar. Treasury officials have targeted 40 people and 44 entities since the junta killed and arrested protesters during demonstrations in 2007. Being added to the sanctions list prevents people from making transactions in the banking system of the United States, the world's largest economy.

A 2008 law, however, allows another level of sanctions that grants Treasury the authority to impose conditions on banking relationships. U.S. officials will not comment on future policy decisions, but Treasury says it is looking at all potential sanctions, including the banking provision, "to apply the tools best calibrated to address the threat presented."

The United States cannot easily block the lucrative natural gas deals Myanmar does with its neighbors and with European and U.S. companies. But the bank measure would let foreign banks know that the United States has worries about their association with Myanmar money and will be wary of their contact with U.S. financial institutions until those worries are cleared up, according to Jennifer Quigley, advocacy director for the U.S. Campaign for Burma.

Supporters of the banking sanctions often raise North Korea, saying that the United States effectively froze the North out of the international banking system, hurting leader Kim Jong Il.

For the moment, the Obama administration is urging patience as it pursues talks.

Next year's elections in Myanmar will provide a good look at the junta's intentions. A big question will be whether high-level U.S.-Myanmar talks lead to the junta's allowing true participation by minorities and opposition groups or merely let the generals consolidate power.


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ESCAP brings Nobel Laureate Stiglitz to Myanmar to advise on economic policy and rural poverty reduction

Press Release
UNESCAP News Services
Date: 3 December 2009
Note to Editor No: N/42/2009

Meeting government ministers at ESCAP development forum on 15 December

Bangkok (UN/ESCAP Information Services) -- Nobel laureate Joseph E. Stiglitz will visit Myanmar at the invitation of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) to advise on development policies and poverty reduction, especially in the rural area.

Prof. Stiglitz will speak at a round table and development forum organized by ESCAP with Myanmar’s Ministry of National Planning and Economic Development and Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation on 15 December in the capital, Napyitaw. The forum will bring together the two Ministers from Myanmar, U Soe Tha and U Htay Oo, in a dialogue with Prof. Stiglitz and other eminent experts to discuss strategies for poverty reduction in light of Asia’s regional and sub-regional experiences.

The event, Economic Policies for Growth and Poverty Reduction: Lessons from the Region and Beyond, is part of a series launched by Noeleen Hezyer, UN Under-Secretary-General and Executive Secretary of ESCAP, during her visit to Myanmar last July.

"Prof. Stiglitz will share his ideas on what kind of economic decision making is critical for growth in the rural economy and poverty reduction," says Dr. Heyzer. "I hope that this visit will be able to open up a new space in economic decision making and policy formulations. The focus is on how we reach the poorest people in Myanmar. We hope to bring the best thinking and lessons from the region and beyond."
“Growth that does not benefit all of society is not ultimately sustainable,” Prof. Stiglitz says ahead of his visit. “It’s important that government take policy measures that include all sectors of the population, especially in rural areas.”

As chief economist of the World Bank (1997-2000), Prof. Stiglitz played a key role in the publication “Rethinking the Asian Miracle,” which examined the reasons behind the dramatic growth of eight Asian economies. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2001.

The seminar on 15 December will be organized in two segments. The first segment will be devoted to expert discussions on different facets of enhancing the rural economy of Myanmar. The second segment will be a High-level Roundtable on effecting change in Myanmar’s rural economy. Senior officials and experts from Myanmar will engage in a conversation with eminent experts. The focus is on “Economic Policies and Decision-making for Poverty Reduction: Reaching the Bottom Half”.

For more information, please contact:

UN/ESCAP Information Services: unisbkk.unescap@un.org,
or stiglitzpress@gmail.com
* *** *
Headquartered in Bangkok, United Nations ESCAP is the largest of the UN's five Regional Commissions in terms of its membership, population served and area covered. The only inter-governmental forum covering the entire Asia-Pacific region, ESCAP works to promote sustainable and inclusive economic and social progress. More information on ESCAP is available at www.unescap.org



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ကိုပင္ေဟဂင္အစီရင္ခံစာ- ဆင္းရဲမြဲေတမႈ ေၾကာင့္ ၿမန္မာၿပည္သူမ်ား အသက္ဆုံးရွဳံးခဲ့ရ

နားဂစ္မုန္တုိင္း တုိက္ခုိက္ၿပီး ခုိကုိးရာမဲ့ၿဖစ္ခဲ့ေသာၿမန္မာၿပည္သူမ်ားႏွင့္ ဆင္းရဲမြဲေတမႈအေၿခအေန

The Figures
The UN Human Development Report 2006 has ranked Burma in its Human Poverty Index table at 130 out of 177 countries, well below some other South East Asian countries such as Thailand (74) and Malaysia (61), though above Laos at 133 and close to Cambodia at 129. In 2004 the World Bank concluded that Burma is "trapped in abject poverty despite its rich resources base. Although there has been notable moderate growth in the economy, the trickle-down effect of this growth did not reach the poor. The country's poverty and development indicators have lagged behind those of its neighbours". An estimated 30 percent of the population ( or approximately 15 million people) live below the poverty line and inflation is running at a rate of between 30 and 40 percent a year.

-ၿမတ္စုိး-
၁၂.၁၀.၂၀၀၉

ဒိန္းမတ္ႏိုင္ငံ ကိုပင္ေဟဂင္ၿမိဳ႕တြင္ က်င္းပေနသည့္ ကမၻာ့ကုလသမဂၢ ရာသီဥတုေၿပာင္းလဲမႈ ဆုိင္ရာ ကြန္ဖရင့္၌ တင္သြင္းေသာ အစီရင္ခံစာ တေစာင္တြင္ ၁၉၉၀ မွ ၂၀၀၈ ခုႏွစ္အတြင္း ရာသီဥတုေၾကာင့္ အဆိုးရြားဆံုး ထိခိုက္ခဲ့ ရေသာ ႏိုင္ငံမ်ားတြင္ ဘဂၤလာေဒ့ရွ္၊ ျမန္မာႏွင့္ ဟြန္ ဒူးရပ္စ္ ႏိုင္ငံတို႔ ပါဝင္သည္ဟု ေရးသားေဖာ္ၿပထားသည္။ ထုိအစီရင္ခံစာကုိ ကမၻာ့ရာသီဥတု ေၿပာင္းလဲမႈ သက္ေရာက္မႈမ်ားအား ဆယ္စုႏွစ္ ၂ စုၾကာ ေလ့လာထားသည့္ ဘာလင္အေျခစိုက္ ကမၻာ့ရာသီဥတု ေစာင့္ၾကည့္ေရး အဖြဲ႔ၾကီးက သုေတသန ၿပဳခဲ့ၿခင္းၿဖစ္သည္။

၂၀၀၈ ခုႏွစ္ ေမလတြင္ ၿမန္မာႏုိင္ငံ ဧရာဝတီျမစ္ဝကြ်န္းေပၚ ေဒသကို နာဂစ္ဆိုင္ကလံုး မုန္တိုင္း ဝင္ေရာက္ ဖ်က္ဆီး ခဲ့မႈေၾကာင့္ လူေပါင္း ၈၅၀၀၀ ေသဆံုး၍ ေငြေၾကးဆံုးရံႈးမႈ တန္ဖိုး စုစုေပါင္း အေမရိကန္ ေဒၚလာ ၄ ဘီလ်ံ ရွိခဲ့သည္ဟု ၿမန္မာစစ္အစုိးက ထုတ္ၿပန္ေၾကညာခဲ့ ေသာ္လည္း ၊ ကုလသမဂၢက သုေတသနၿပဳ ထားေသာ အစီရင္ခံစာအရ လူေပါင္း ၁၃၄၀၀၀ မွ် ေသဆံုး၊ ေပ်ာက္ဆံုးခဲ့၍ လူေပါင္း ၂ ဒႆမ ၄ သန္း အိုးအိမ္မ်ား ပ်က္စီးဆံုးရံႈးၿပီး မုန္တိုင္းဒဏ္ခံခဲ့ရသည္ဟု ဆိုသည္။



ဒီလုိ လူအေၿမာက္အမ်ား ေသဆုံးမႈ၊ ေပ်ာက္ဆုံးမႈ၊ အုိးမဲ့အိမ္မဲ့ပ်က္စီးဆုံးရွဳံးခဲ့မႈဟာ ၿမန္မာႏုိင္ငံ ရဲ႕ ဆင္းရဲမြဲေတမႈအေၿခအေန မ်ားေၾကာင့္ၿဖစ္ၿပီး၊ ၂၀၀၇ ခုႏွစ္က တင္သြင္းခဲ့ေသာ ကမၻာ့ ကုလသမဂၢ ဆင္းရဲမြဲေတမႈ တုိက္ဖ်က္ေရး ႏွင့္ စားနပ္ရိကၡာ ကူညီေထာက္ပံ့ေပးေရး အဖြဲ႔အစည္းရဲ႕ အစီရင္ခံစာ အရ ၿမန္မာႏုိင္ငံ လူဦးေရ ရဲ႕ ၃၂.၇ ရာခုိင္ႏွဳန္းဟာ ဆင္ရဲမြဲေတမႈ ေအာက္မွာ ေနထုိင္ေနရေၾကာင္း ေဖာ္ၿပ ထားပါသည္။ ယင္း အစီရင္ခံစာ အရ ၿမန္မာႏုိင္ငံတြင္ ဆင္းရဲမြဲေတမႈေအာက္မွာ ေနထုိင္သူ လူဦးေရ ၁၅ သန္းေက်ာ္ ေနထုိင္ေနၾကရေၾကာင္း ခန္႔မွန္း ေဖာ္ၿပထားပါသည္။

၂၀၀၆ ခုႏွစ္ ကမၻာ့ကုလသမဂၢရဲ႕ UNDP အဖြဲ႔ၾကီးက ထုတ္ၿပန္ေသာ လူသားအရင္းအၿမစ္ ဖြံ႔ၿဖိဳးမႈ အစီရင္ခံစာ မွာေတာ့ ၿမန္မာႏုိင္ငံဟာ ႏုိင္ငံေပါင္း ၁၈၂ ႏုိင္ငံမွာ အဆင့္ ၁၃၈ ေနရာမွာ ရွိၾကာင္း ေဖာ္ၿပထားၿပီး၊ လူသားမ်ား ဆုိင္ရာ ဆင္းရဲမြဲေတမႈ မွာ ႏုိင္ငံေပါင္း ၁၇၇ ႏုိင္ငံ အနက္ အဆင့္ ၁၃၀ မွာရွိေၾကာင္း ေဖာ္ၿပထားပါသည္။ ၂၀၀၄ ခုႏွစ္မွာ ထုတ္ၿပန္ခဲ့တဲ့ ကမၻာ့ဘဏ္ရဲ႕ အစီရင္ခံစာမွာေတာ့ ၿမန္မာႏုိင္ငံမွာ ဆင္းရဲမြဲေတမႈေအာက္မွေနထုိင္ရသူဟာ စုစုေပါင္း လူဦးေရရဲ႕ ၃၀ ရာခုိင္ႏွဳန္းေက်ာ္ ခန္႔ရွိတယ္လုိ႔ ခန္႔မွန္းတြက္ဆခဲ့ၾကပါသည္။ ၿမန္မာႏုိင္ငံ ဆင္းရဲမြဲေတမႈ ႏွင့္ပက္သက္ၿပီး ႏုိင္ငံတကာ အဖြဲ႔အစည္းမ်ားရဲ႔ အစီရင္ခံစာမ်ားဟာ ကြဲလႊဲခ်က္(သုိ႔) အၿငင္းပြားဖြယ္ရာကြာၿခားခ်က္မ်ား မရွိခဲ့ပါ။

ကမၻာ့ကုလသမဂၢ ရာသီဥတုေၿပာင္းလဲမႈ ဆုိင္ရာ ကြန္ဖရင့္တြင္ တင္ၿပခဲ့ေသာ အစီရင္ခံစာမ်ားအရ “အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္စီမံခန္႔ခြဲမႈ ညံ့ဖ်င္းမႈေၾကာင့္ ၿမန္မာၿပည္သူမ်ားဟာ ဆယ္စုႏွစ္ေပါင္းမ်ားစြာ ဆင္းရဲမြဲေတမႈ ေအာက္မွာ ေနထုိင္ေနရၿပီး၊ ထုိသုိ႔ဆင္းရဲမႈ ေအာက္မွာ ေနထုိင္ၾကရၿခင္းေၾကာင့္ ရာသီဥတုအႏၲရာယ္ကို အထူးသျဖင့္ ပို၍ပင္ ခံႏိုင္ရည္မရွိေၾကာင္း ေတြ႔ရသည္'' ဟု ေဖာ္ျပထားသည္။ ဆင္းရဲေသာ ႏိုင္ငံမ်ား မွာလည္း ရာသီဥတု အႏၲရာယ္ကို မၾကာခဏ ခံခဲ့ၾကရၿပီး၊ ခုိကုိးရာမဲ့ၿဖစ္ကာ အသက္ဆုံးရွဳံးမႈမ်ားစြာရွိခဲ့ သည္ဟုလည္း အစီရင္ခံစာထဲတြင္ ေဖာ္ၿပထား ပါသည္။

References:

UNDP- Human Development Report 2009
WorldBank
Voices for Burma(London)